Internal-combustion engine.



0. JOHNSON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILEDV Hama, 1914.

Patented 00t.12,1915.

2 SHE TS-SHEET I.

1). JOHNSON.

INTERNAL COMBUST ION ENGINE.

APPLlcAloNTILED FEB. 3. 1914.

Patented Ot. 12, 1915.

2 SHEETS-.SHEET 2A INTERNL-COMBUSTIGN I ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

"\ 'Patented oeeie, reis.

Application tiled February 3, 1914.v Serial No. 816.153.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, OLoF JoHNsoN, citizen of the United States, residing at Seattle, 1n the county of King and State of Washington, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion'Engines, of which the followlng is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, and the object of my improvement isv to provide an internal combustion engine in the operation of which a relatively small quantity of highly volatile fuel, as gasolene, alcohol and the like, together with a muchillarger quantity of a less volatile fuel, as kerosene oil or crude mineral oil, may, at required times, be drawn into its cylinder whereupon the vaporl of the more volatile fuel is ignited by suitable means whereby the flame due to the combustion of such highly volatile fuel serves to ignite the less volatile fuel whose combustion serves to expand'the resultant gases to create pressure to move i'ts piston. v

A furtherl Ebject of my invention 1s to provide suitable valve controlledmechanism for delivering the two grades of fuel into the cylinder at the proper instants of time and to provide simple and eicient means where; by a supply of fresh air may be forced through the cylinder to drive outall the gases ,due to the explosion thus thoroughly to scavenge such cylinder while the exhaust port is open.

accomplish these objects by devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings where- Figure 1 is a view in vertical mid-section o f a two cycle internal combustion engine,

embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a view in cross-section of the same on broken lineV of Fig. 1, and Figs. 3y and 4 are enlarged views 1n vertical section of fuel injecting devices embodied in my invention.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, throughout which like reference numerals indicate like'parts, 5 is the cylinder of a. two cycle inter-nal 4combustion engine within whose wall 6 are provided water -jacket spaces 7 l7 through which water may be .caused to circulate to prevent the inner walls 6 of the cylinder 5 from becoming overheated. A largercylinder 8 is formed at the lower end of the cylinder 5 such larger cylinder 8 terminatingin a bell shaped bottom portion 9 that is secured toa concave base portion 10 to form a crank case which vmay serve also as. a compression chamber,

the base portion 10 having a flange 11 upon which the engine may be supported.

A cylindrical piston 12 provided with the .usual piston rings 13, 13 is adapted for reciprocal-movements within the cylinder 5,

such piston 12 .having an enlarged bottom p ortlon 14 that 1s provided with other piston rlngs 15, 15 and is disposed to fit and move reciprocally within the larger cylinder 8 to compress a1r within the compression cham-v rcover portion 17 is further provided with a valve controlled injecting device 21 for crude A oil and with another valve controlled injecting device 22 for more volatile fuel, such last named injecting device 22, preferably be- 'mg connectedv by a pipe 23, with any suitable source of fuel supply' as a fuel tank 24, that is disposed at a point `that is at a higher elevation than is the injecting device 22, whereby fuel that may be contained therein may flow through the pipe 23 into the injecting device 22. v

A spark plug 25 is provided in the coverv portion 17 at a point'adjacent to the point of inlet of'the more volatile fuel, such spark plug 25 being adapted to be connected with a source of electrical current whereby such sparkv plug may be caused to ignite fuel within the valve chamber 16 at .certain de- -sired instants of time.

The injecting device 21, as moreclearly valve 3l disposed therein, the valve cham-- ber 30 being connected by a pipe 32 that` may lead to a source of supply of crude oil, not shown. The plunger 29 passes through a stufling boX 33 on the lower end of the pump 28 and thence downwardly through i a bearing bracket 34 that is connected with the frame of the engine, such plunger 29 being provided with a bifurcated lower end in which is pivotally mounted a small roller wheel 35 that is adapted to engage with Iand be moved by a cam 36 which is secured to a shaft 37 which is journaled in a bracket 38 and which is adapted to be rotated by a. sprocket chain 39 which enga es with a sprocket wheel 40 on such shaft 3 the chain 39 being driven Aby another sprocket wheel 41, which is illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, and which is secured to a crank shaft 42 that is connected by a rod 43 with the piston 12 in such manner that when the piston 12 is caused to reciprocate within the cylinder 5 the crank shaft 42 will rotate and thereby motion .will be transmitted by the sprocket chain 39 to the cam shaft 37 thus causing. the cam 36 to lift the plunger29 at Aeach double stroke of the piston, such plunger 29 being provided with a fixed collar 44 against which a helical compression spring 45 is adapted to bear to cause the plunger 29 to move downwardly after it has been raised by the cam 36. In such manner the plunger 29 is operated within -the pump cylinder 28 to draw liquid.l fuel inwardly through the lvalve chamber 30 on the downward stroke of such plunger 29 and to force such fuel upwardly through the pipe 27 on the upward stroke of such plunger 29. y

The injecting device 21 is provided with a vertical passageway 46 and has a cap 47 screwed onto its lower end, the cap 47 being formed with perforations 48, 48 which converge toward the bottom side, and which are adapted to be slightly spaced from the end surface of the member 21 whereby oil that iows downwardly through the passageway 46 may fill the space between the cap 47 and the end of the member 21 and thence flow downwardly through the perforations 48, 48, such perforations 48, 48 beingiangularly disposed, as illustrated in Fig. 3, in order that the high pressure due to the burning of the fuel on the downward stroke may be more finely divided when it enters 51 which is connected with the pipe'23 and is adapted to permit the more volatile fuel,

as gasolene, to flow therethrough into the chamber 49. A tubular plunger 52, having an enlarged bottom end portion 53, extends upwardly through a stufling box 54 in the bottom of the member 22 and projects 'its upper end within the cylindrical chamber 49, as clearly shownin Fig. 4, the lower venlarged end portion 53fbeing adapted to fit within an opening 55 provided in the cover 17, and the plunger 52`being adapted to be held in its proper position by a shaft 56 which is provided with an enlarged lower end 57 and which extends upwardly through a stuiiing box 58 and thence through the top portion of. a hollow cap 59 that is screwed onto the top end of the member 22, such shaft 56 being secured to the cap 59` by nuts 60, 60 to prevent a downward movement thereof, as clearly shown in Fig. 4, and being provided with nuts 6l, 61 against which a helical compression spring 62 is adapted to bea-r to keep the shaft 56 at the limit of its upward movement, another and stronger compression spring 63 being provided in the chamber 49 to press downwardly on the plunger 52 to counteract the upward pressure of the spring 62 and to keep the enlarged lower end 57 of the shaft 56 snugly seated in the opening that is provided for it in the enlarged portion-53 of the plunger 52, such shaft 56 having on its periphery a plurality of longitudinally tended slots 64, through which fuel mav flow, and the enlarged lower endv 57 of such shaft 56 being provided with a plurality of angularly disposed perforations 65, 65 through which such fuel may issue into the ignition chamber 16.

rThe cylinder 5 is provided .with suitable' exhaust ports 66, 66 that communicate with an exhaust pipe 67 and the lower enlarged cylinder 8 is provided with air'inlet openings 68, 68 and with air outlet openings 69, 69, the inlet openings 68, 68 being adapted to admit air into the lower compression chamber as the piston approaches the upward limit of its stroke and the outlet openings 69, 69 forming a means of escape for the air in the cylinder 8 upon the upward stroke of such piston, the fresh cool air which is drawn into the space between the walls of the cylinder 8 and the walls of the piston 12 on each downward stroke of such piston 12 helping to cool said piston 12.

The lower compression chamber formed shown in Fig, 1, andl the exhaust l open, then the various'partsA of the mjectlnig by the base portions 9- and 10 is connected l nition chamber 16 as clearly shown in Fig; 1..` The ignition chamber 16 is vpreferably formed, as illustrated in Fig. 2, and injecting device '22 for the more volatile fuel .is

positioned adjacent to the spark plu'g 25, as shown in Fig. v1. u i l .v u

When the piston 12'is 1n the position ort is device 22 will be inthe position shown in Fig. 4, and the chamber 49 and valve 51 and connected passageways will A.be illed with volatile fuel from the tank 24. As the pislton 12 moves upwardly the compression 1n the cylinder 5 and the ignition chamber 16 increases' and just before such piston reaches the highest oint in its upward stroke the compression 1n the chamber 16 becomes lng'h enough to move the plunger 52 upwardl against the force of the sprmg 63, the sha t 56 moving upwardly at the Sametime, which movement of the plunger 52 by compressing the fuel in the chamber 49 forces a portion of such fuel to flow downwardly through the slots 64 and to be sprayed from the perforations 65 into the ignition chamber 16. When the piston reaches the highest point in its upward stroke the compression in the cyly inder 5, and in the ignition chamber 16, is greatest and the gasiied volatile fuel from the injecting vdevice 22 is'compressed immediately around the spark plug 25 and at' this instant a spark is delivered fromthe spark plug 25 to ignite such volatile fuel to cause a flame to sweep from'the'ignition chamber 16'to the cylinder 5 and at the same instant the cam 36 causes the plunger 29 to begin to move upwardly `in the pump 28 thus causing crude fuel to be sprayed into the flame produced by thei'eined fuel to be ignited and burned in suspension to generate a constant pressure on the downward stroke of the piston 12,1the pump 28 being adapted to cause the injecting device 2 1-to deliver crude fuel for any desired portion of .the downward stroke of the piston 12.l A

As the piston 12 moves downwardly in the cylinder 5 the lower enlarged portion 14 moves downwardly in the larger cylinder 8 and compresses the air in the compression chamber formed by the base portions 9 and 10 and when the piston 12 shall have approached the lower limit of its movement and shall-have opened the exhaust ports 66,

v 66, as shown in Fig. 1, then the pressure in the cylinder 5 will drop belowthe pressure in the pressure chamber formed b the base portions 9 and 10 and the air rom such pressure chamber will open the valve 72 and sweep through the ignition chamber 16 and the cylinder-,5 and out at the exhaust ports 66, 66 thus completely scavenging the cylinder -5 and. lling such cylinder 5 with fresh air which will be compressed for the.

Obviously the cam 36 maybe so' formed that any desired amount of crude oil'may be f admitted for any desired portion of the downward stroke the injecting device 22 being adapted automatically to close when 'the ypressure within the ignition chamber 16 drops and being adaptedI to be regulated by Varying the compression of the spring 62 to admit any desired'amount of themorevola-- tile oil.

If desired a mechanically operated injecting device similar tothe injecting device 21 may be used to inject the-more volatile fuel l into the cylinder 5 or such more volatilefuel 'may be introduced in the form of gasinstead of in the form of liquid as herein described, the essential principle of this feature of my engine being that a highly in-. ammable fuel is used to ignitev a` crude. cheap grade of fuel as crude oil and the crude fuel is caused toburn vto generate a pressure and furnish power at a low cost.

Obviously manychanges may be made in mechanical details and arrangement of parts of my invention without departing from the spirit thereof or sacricing any of itsadvantages.

What/1 claim is:

1. The method of operating a two cycle internal combustion engine that is provided with a passageway adapted to admit into its cylinder two di'erent grades of fuel each atrequireddid'erent times together with air requisite for combustion, which method consists, iirst, admitting to said passage-way a flame of said compressed vapor whereby` pressure is created to produce a power stroke of said piston.`

2. 1n an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder that is provided on one side thereof near its top'portion with an ignition chamber that is connected there- -with by a passageway, of a piston disposed to reciprocate within said cylinder, an injector adapted to be operated by pressure within said cylinder to deliver a highly inflammable fuel into said ignition chamber spark plug and said'inje'c'tors and scavenge whereby said fuel may be compressed withsaid cylinden, y v l in said ignition chamber upon the upward In Witness whereof, I, hereunto subscribe stroke of said piston, a spark plug to ignite my name this 29th day of January A. D. said'fuel whereby a iiame will be produced 191.4.

- in said passageway an injector disposed in v v said passageway td spray crude fuel into l OLOFJOHNSON' said flame, and lnean's for causing a current Witnesses: of fresh air to circulate through said ign'- F. C. MATHENY,

10 tion chamber and said cylinder to cool said A. HAsKINs. 

